Electromagnetic Spectrum


What we call Light is only a small part of the Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation. The fundamental nature of all electromagnetic radiation is the same: it can be viewed Photon(s) or Waves and travels at the Speed of Light. The difference between Radiation in different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum is a quantity that can be measured in three basic ways: as the length of a wave, as the Energy of a photon, or as the oscillation of an Electromagnetic Field(s).

Each measurement - Wavelength, energy, or Frequency - has its own characteristic unit. In some parts of the spectrum, frequency is used most; in others, photon energy or wavelength is. The optical world talks in wavelength, which is measured in metric units (see Metric Unit Prefixes) - meters, micrometers, and nanometers. Do not bother thinking of in inches, one micrometer is 1/25,000 of an inch. Frequency is measured in hertz. Photon energy can be measured in many ways, with one of the most common being Electron Volt (eV) - the energy that an electron gains in moving through a 1-Volt Electric Field.



There is a relationship between frequency, energy and wavelength.

Wavelength = c/Frequency

Since we know that c, the speed of light, is equal to 3 X 10^8 m/s, then

Wavelength = (3 X 10^8)/Frequency

or

Frequency = (3 X 10^8)/Wavelength

Photon energy is not a topic people sit around discussing at the dinner table, but it is also related as follows:

E (photon energy) = h (Planck's Constant) X Frequency

If you want to relate photon energy to wavelength then use the following:

E(eV) = 1.2406/Wavelength(in micrometers)